Wide Flange Beam (W-Shape)

The Full Picture

The wide flange shape is the workhorse of steel buildings, used for beams, girders and columns. Its flanges have parallel faces and are wide relative to the web, which makes it efficient in bending and, in the heavier sizes, in compression. A designation such as W16x40 reads as a shape about 16 inches deep that weighs 40 pounds per linear foot. Note that the actual depth can differ slightly from the nominal number, so use the shape tables for dimensions.

ASTM A992, with 50 ksi minimum yield strength and 65 ksi minimum tensile strength, is the preferred specification for W-shapes in US practice, and AISC advises confirming availability before specifying another grade. Older drawings may call out A36 for W-shapes, which is why estimators should read the general notes and ask about conflicts. The term "H beam" is used loosely, often for wide flange shapes with equal depth and flange width. In US tables, those heavy square-ish shapes are still W-shapes (such as W14 column sections), and HP-shapes are bearing pile sections, so check which one the plans show.

On the drawings, W-shapes appear on framing plans with size tags, on column schedules, and in elevations and details that show connections. Beams may carry camber, stud counts for composite action, and notes for copes and holes. Estimators need the member mark list and the connection details to see where extra material and shop labor are hiding.

Takeoff unit is linear feet by size, converted to pounds and tons with the weight per foot. Count pieces too, since erection and many shop operations follow piece count. Connection material such as shear tabs, clip angles and bolts is commonly carried as a percentage on top of the member weight or as separate counted items, so state which method you used. Fabricator quotes commonly add mill length and cut-off allowances, so confirm whether a price is for net or ordered weight.